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EPA for
Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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A new review
found controversial results from studies on the effects of eicosapentaenoic
acid, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on psychiatric and neurodegenerative
diseases.
Neurodegenerative
diseases are neurological disorders marked by the loss of nerve cells. Examples
include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are both contained in fish oil, as
well as some nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean,
flaxseed/linseed and olive).
There is
evidence from multiple large-scale population (epidemiologic) studies and
randomized controlled trials that intake of recommended amounts of DHA and EPA
in the form of dietary fish or fish oil supplements lowers triglycerides,
reduces the risk of death, heart attack, dangerous abnormal heart rhythms and
stroke in people with known cardiovascular disease, slows the buildup of
atherosclerotic plaques ("hardening of the arteries") and lowers
blood pressure slightly. However, high doses may have harmful effects, such as
an increased risk of bleeding.
Researchers
from the University of Prince Edward Island in Canada explained that decreased n-3
fatty acid levels have been reported in patients with depression, schizophrenia
or Alzheimer's disease.
The review
reported that recently, EPA has been used to treat several psychiatric and
neurodegenerative diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective
effects. A total of six out of seven clinical trials have shown that EPA
significantly improved symptoms of depression when compared with the
placebo-treated populations.
Several
investigations have also reported that EPA could effectively treat
schizophrenia. A case report and a clinical trial have shown that EPA was
beneficial for the management of most symptoms of Huntington's disease, while a
more extensive clinical investigation has demonstrated that EPA could only improve
motor functions.
The authors
concluded that further clinical studies are required to fully explore the
effects of EPA on other neurodegenerative diseases. The limitations of previous
studies and further research directions were also discussed in the review.
The American
Heart Association (AHA) recommends including fish in the diet for all
individuals, and fish oil supplements in those with a history of cardiovascular
disease.
Fish oil has
been suggested as beneficial in conditions associated with low levels of
omega-3 fatty acids (in plasma and/or membrane phospholipids) such as some
psychiatric disorders. For mood disorders, Dr. Andrew Stoll of HarvardUniversity has recommended 3-10 grams
daily of EPA and DHA, in three divided doses with meals. Dr. Dean Ornish
(creator of the Ornish diet ®) has recommended 2 grams per day of fish oil
(MaxEPA®) for "cardiovascular improvement."
For more
information on EPA and other omega-3 fatty acids, please visit Natural
Standard's Herbs & Supplements database.
To comment on
this story, please click here to enter the Natural Standard blog.
References:
1) Song C, Zhao S. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. A new treatment
for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of clinical
investigations. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Oct;16(10):1627-38. View Abstract.
2) Natural Standard Research Collaboration: The Authority on Integrative
Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com. Copyright © 2007.
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Should you and your family receive a chiropractic check-up? Dr. Jackie St.Cyr email - website
Discover the Truth about Chiropractic for All Ages
Chiropractic
for me and my family? Why? We don't have back or neck pain. If you are
wondering about the answer to this question, you'll want to read on. As
chiropractors, we often encounter those who understand the importance
of regular exams for their entire family’s eyes, ears, nose, throat,
hearing, and teeth, but who overlook routine family spinal check-ups.
In fact, they could be the most important check-ups you and your family
can receive.
As a health conscious person, you want the best
for you and your family and no doubt wonder if you are all as healthy
as you could be. Several factors determine everyone’s overall health.
These include: diet, exercise, proper rest, emotional and spiritual
support, and a properly functioning nervous system.
A major
component of health is the communication between your brain and body.
This vital link controls the growth, repair, and function of every
tissue and organ. The spinal cord sends messages from the brain
throughout the body via billions of nerves. Interference (nerve
pressure or irritation) places the body in a state of disharmony. This
can lead to decreased immune function and sickness.
Starting
with the birthing process itself, our bodies are subjected to many
spinal traumas. Even the most "natural" of births can cause stress and
strain to the tiny developing spine. This initial damage can be
compounded when the child develops proper head support, learns to sit
up, to crawl, and to walk. During this time of rapid spinal growth, any
tiny bump or fall can cause unexplained health problems.
The
home is the primary place where a young child receives spinal injuries.
A study, conducted by the National Safety Council, discovered that
nearly 50% of children fall headfirst from a high place (changing
table, bed, etc.) during their first year of life. Many of these falls
go undetected and unfortunately, although no immediate symptoms may
appear, spinal health can be compromised. Ear infections, asthma,
colic, ADD/hyperactivity, bed wetting, learning disorders, and other
health problems result from nervous system interference called
vertebral subluxation complex. Doctors of Chiropractic are the only
health care professionals trained in the detection and correction of
this problem.
School is the most common place for accidents to
occur for five to eighteen year olds. A 1990 study from the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commissioner, revealed that almost a quarter of
a million children under the age of 15 were treated for injuries
related to playground equipment. The majority of these accidents are
falls, and approximately 50% of all falls result in head and neck
trauma. Bicycles are also a source of childhood trauma. Over 50,000
children per year are treated for head (not wearing a helmet) and neck
trauma. Common childhood activities including surfing, skate
boarding, water slides, horseback riding, and roller-skating are often
associated with falls that can cause the spinal vertebrae to lose their
normal motion and position. The delicate nerve tissue housed in these
bones can be damaged, impairing the brain’s ability to control the
associated tissues and organs.
Children should have regular
well care visits to the Doctor of Chiropractic. With appropriate
chiropractic care, these spinal problems can be located and corrected,
restoring normal spinal and nervous system function. Many adult
spinal problems actually began in childhood. If left uncorrected,
childhood spinal problems may lead to more serious conditions later in
life: "As the trunk is bent, so grows the tree."
Without a
properly functioning spine and nervous system, true health is
impossible to achieve. Maintaining your family's spinal health is one
of the greatest gifts you can provide for all of you. For this reason,
families are receiving routine periodic chiropractic spinal check-ups.
Today,
many progressive consumers are choosing conservative chiropractic care,
such as Network Spinal Analysis, to help maximize their own natural
healing. Parents of children who receive regular chiropractic care
often report that their kids seem healthier than other children; they
get fewer colds and other childhood diseases. Adults experiencing
regular Network Care report improvement in all areas of life including
decreased physical symptoms, more emotional and mental peace and
overall improved quality of life.
The Network approach to
health is safe and natural. For these reasons and more, your Network
Chiropractor may be your best family doctor! Many people feel
encouraged to have a Network Chiropractor as part of their health
professionals network.
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