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EPA for Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

A new review found controversial results from studies on the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are neurological disorders marked by the loss of nerve cells. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are both contained in fish oil, as well as some nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed and olive).

There is evidence from multiple large-scale population (epidemiologic) studies and randomized controlled trials that intake of recommended amounts of DHA and EPA in the form of dietary fish or fish oil supplements lowers triglycerides, reduces the risk of death, heart attack, dangerous abnormal heart rhythms and stroke in people with known cardiovascular disease, slows the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques ("hardening of the arteries") and lowers blood pressure slightly. However, high doses may have harmful effects, such as an increased risk of bleeding.

Researchers from the University of Prince Edward Island in Canada explained that decreased n-3 fatty acid levels have been reported in patients with depression, schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease.

The review reported that recently, EPA has been used to treat several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A total of six out of seven clinical trials have shown that EPA significantly improved symptoms of depression when compared with the placebo-treated populations.

Several investigations have also reported that EPA could effectively treat schizophrenia. A case report and a clinical trial have shown that EPA was beneficial for the management of most symptoms of Huntington's disease, while a more extensive clinical investigation has demonstrated that EPA could only improve motor functions.

The authors concluded that further clinical studies are required to fully explore the effects of EPA on other neurodegenerative diseases. The limitations of previous studies and further research directions were also discussed in the review.

The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends including fish in the diet for all individuals, and fish oil supplements in those with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Fish oil has been suggested as beneficial in conditions associated with low levels of omega-3 fatty acids (in plasma and/or membrane phospholipids) such as some psychiatric disorders. For mood disorders, Dr. Andrew Stoll of HarvardUniversity has recommended 3-10 grams daily of EPA and DHA, in three divided doses with meals. Dr. Dean Ornish (creator of the Ornish diet ®) has recommended 2 grams per day of fish oil (MaxEPA®) for "cardiovascular improvement."

For more information on EPA and other omega-3 fatty acids, please visit Natural Standard's Herbs & Supplements database.

To comment on this story, please click here to enter the Natural Standard blog.

References:

1) Song C, Zhao S. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. A new treatment for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of clinical investigations. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Oct;16(10):1627-38. View Abstract.

2) Natural Standard Research Collaboration: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com. Copyright © 2007.

Should you and your family receive a chiropractic check-up?
Dr. Jackie St.Cyr
email - website

Discover the Truth about Chiropractic for All Ages

Chiropractic for me and my family? Why? We don't have back or neck pain. If you are wondering about the answer to this question, you'll want to read on.
As chiropractors, we often encounter those who understand the importance of regular exams for their entire family’s eyes, ears, nose, throat, hearing, and teeth, but who overlook routine family spinal check-ups. In fact, they could be the most important check-ups you and your family can receive.

As a health conscious person, you want the best for you and your family and no doubt wonder if you are all as healthy as you could be. Several factors determine everyone’s overall health. These include: diet, exercise, proper rest, emotional and spiritual support, and a properly functioning nervous system.

A major component of health is the communication between your brain and body. This vital link controls the growth, repair, and function of every tissue and organ. The spinal cord sends messages from the brain throughout the body via billions of nerves. Interference (nerve pressure or irritation) places the body in a state of disharmony. This can lead to decreased immune function and sickness.

Starting with the birthing process itself, our bodies are subjected to many spinal traumas. Even the most "natural" of births can cause stress and strain to the tiny developing spine. This initial damage can be compounded when the child develops proper head support, learns to sit up, to crawl, and to walk. During this time of rapid spinal growth, any tiny bump or fall can cause unexplained health problems.

The home is the primary place where a young child receives spinal injuries. A study, conducted by the National Safety Council, discovered that nearly 50% of children fall headfirst from a high place (changing table, bed, etc.) during their first year of life. Many of these falls go undetected and unfortunately, although no immediate symptoms may appear, spinal health can be compromised.
Ear infections, asthma, colic, ADD/hyperactivity, bed wetting, learning disorders, and other health problems result from nervous system interference called vertebral subluxation complex. Doctors of Chiropractic are the only health care professionals trained in the detection and correction of this problem.

School is the most common place for accidents to occur for five to eighteen year olds. A 1990 study from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commissioner, revealed that almost a quarter of a million children under the age of 15 were treated for injuries related to playground equipment. The majority of these accidents are falls, and approximately 50% of all falls result in head and neck trauma. Bicycles are also a source of childhood trauma. Over 50,000 children per year are treated for head (not wearing a helmet) and neck trauma.
Common childhood activities including surfing, skate boarding, water slides, horseback riding, and roller-skating are often associated with falls that can cause the spinal vertebrae to lose their normal motion and position. The delicate nerve tissue housed in these bones can be damaged, impairing the brain’s ability to control the associated tissues and organs.

Children should have regular well care visits to the Doctor of Chiropractic. With appropriate chiropractic care, these spinal problems can be located and corrected, restoring normal spinal and nervous system function.
Many adult spinal problems actually began in childhood. If left uncorrected, childhood spinal problems may lead to more serious conditions later in life: "As the trunk is bent, so grows the tree."

Without a properly functioning spine and nervous system, true health is impossible to achieve. Maintaining your family's spinal health is one of the greatest gifts you can provide for all of you. For this reason, families are receiving routine periodic chiropractic spinal check-ups.

Today, many progressive consumers are choosing conservative chiropractic care, such as Network Spinal Analysis, to help maximize their own natural healing. Parents of children who receive regular chiropractic care often report that their kids seem healthier than other children; they get fewer colds and other childhood diseases. Adults experiencing regular Network Care report improvement in all areas of life including decreased physical symptoms, more emotional and mental peace and overall improved quality of life.

The Network approach to health is safe and natural. For these reasons and more, your Network Chiropractor may be your best family doctor! Many people feel encouraged to have a Network Chiropractor as part of their health professionals network.


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